Factores comunitarios que inciden en el desarrollo de bancos comunales: Estudio de caso del banco comunal junquillo

Abstract

CONDITION FOR PUBLICATION OF PROJECT. The project analyzes the incidence of community factors in the performance of the Junquillo Community Bank, with the objective of replicating its successful methodology in other community banks, thereby promoting the economic development of parishes and communities. The hypothesis states that social cohesion and active participation strengthen the stability of community banks, in response to the fact that in Ecuador 58.8% of these institutions do not surpass five years of operation. For the analysis, a database built from surveys applied to bank members and depositors was used, employing a Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) econometric model with an endogeneity control strategy. The results showed that access to credit has a positive and significant effect on institutional trust, while community participation and family loans reinforce sustainability. Furthermore, the existence of endogeneity in the relationship between credit and trust was confirmed, validating the use of the recursive model. In conclusion, community factors are confirmed as determinants of the sustainability of community banks, and the lessons learned in Junquillo may contribute to strengthening similar experiences in other rural areas of the country, in alignment with Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 8. Keywords: financial sustainability, community bank, social capital, institutional trust.