Diseño de vivienda sostenible con estrategias de eficiencia hídrica y energética para la amazonía ecuatoriana, en el marco de proyectos habitacionales del MIDUVI

Abstract

Sustainable construction has become a global priority due to the environmental impact of the building sector and the existing housing deficit. In Ecuador, social housing models promoted by MIDUVI do not incorporate sustainability criteria for water and energy efficiency, limiting their performance in tropical–humid regions such as the Amazon. This research proposes the design of a sustainable housing prototype that integrates strategies for water and energy efficiency through a comparative analysis between the original design and an optimized proposal. Water consumption was estimated according to sanitary fixtures and local usage habits and contrasted with the design allocation values established in NEC-11, while a dynamic energy simulation was performed using DesignBuilder, considering the thermal envelope and climatic conditions of the region. The optimized design incorporates passive strategies, low-consumption equipment, and a rainwater harvesting system. The integrated application of these strategies reduced water consumption by 78.94% and energy demand by 88.38%, achieving efficiency indices of 21.06% and 11.62%, respectively. Although the optimized proposal increased the initial investment by 15.51%, the technical performance improvements justify the intervention. The results demonstrate that high-performance sustainable housing is technically feasible and economically viable, contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6, 7, and 11. Keywords: sustainable housing, water efficiency, energy efficiency, energy simulation, DesignBuilder, Ecuadorian Amazon.