Microorganismos solubilizadores de fósforo (P) y potasio (K) como alternativa biotecnológica para una agricultura sustentable

Abstract

Ecuador is the first cocoa producing country in Latin America and first in the world for bananas. The identified problem is that monocultures are destined to the impoverishment of nutrients and loss of microbial diversity, caused by the abuse of chemical fertilizers. Irreversible damage to the soil lowers the rate of crop production. In this context, the use of microbial complexes is the main eco-sustainable alternative to replace synthetic fertilizers. Phosphorus (BSP) and potassium (BSK) solubilizing bacteria manage to provide plants with nutrients that are in an inaccessible state in the soil, through chemical solubilization mechanisms. The isolation of the bacteria was successful thanks to the pre-enrichment with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), in addition to the inoculation in specific media: NBRIP and Aleksandrow, for BSP and BSK respectively. The results obtained were surprising, the solubilization rates were high and the compatibility tests on plates positive between BSP-BSP, BSK-BSK and BSP- BSK. In conclusion, the formulation of a bio-product is possible, and since the solubilizing capacity is different among bacteria, it is important to identify the most efficient ones. In the future, studies may be expanded to the spectrum of microbial diversity that we have as a country. We have the resources to be agents of change, we are the last generation that can save the planet.