Análisis experimental de los efectos del hidrógeno en especímenes de acero

Abstract

DOCUMEN IN THE PROCESS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. This study analyzes the effects of hydrogen as an alternative fuel on the embrittlement of steels, focusing on pipelines used for its transport. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) occurs when hydrogen penetrates the material, reducing its strength and causing structural failures. Tests were conducted on ASTM A131 and A36 steels, subjected to different hydrogen concentrations and exposure times, evaluating their mechanical properties through tensile tests. During cathodic charging, hydrogen bubble formation and discoloration were observed, replicating real corrosive conditions. The results show that A36 steel experienced a 25% decrease in Young’s modules after hours of exposure, while its ductility was reduced by up to 60%. Exposures of 3 hours increased the Young’s modulus by 8.6%, suggesting surface hardening. In A131 steel, the modulus of elasticity decreased by 20%, and ductility was reduced by 15-25%. Microscopic observations revealed a higher density of cracks in specific specimens. These findings highlight the importance of mitigation strategies to preserve structural integrity in industrial and marine applications. Keywords: Hydrogen, embrittlement, specimen, tensile.