Análisis del impacto en una red aislada por un gran ingreso de energía fotovoltaica

Abstract

The present study focuses on the stability analysis of the isolated power grid of San Cristóbal, Galápagos, considering the integration of photovoltaic generation and electric vehicles into its three main feeders. To achieve this, the distribution network was modeled in MATLAB and Simulink, with an emphasis on designing an intelligent inverter that contributes to voltage stability, mitigating the negative effects of high penetration of renewable energy and electric mobility. Power flow simulations were conducted in MATLAB to evaluate various scenarios of photovoltaic penetration (20%, 40%, and 60%) and electric vehicle charging levels. This analysis centered on generating volt-var and volt-watt curves, which establish operational limits for the system and identify strategic points where inverters should deliver reactive power, either inductive or capacitive, thus optimizing the stability of the grid across the different feeders. Additionally, the volt-var and volt-watt curves were used to assess the grid's performance under conditions of high variability in generation and demand. These curves provide critical information for inverter control, ensuring adequate reactive and active power support according to changes in load and photovoltaic generation. Keywords: grid stability, photovoltaic generation, electric vehicles, volt-var curves, volt-watt curves.