Planificación de la expansión en sistemas de distribución de energía considerando vehículos eléctricos

Abstract

The increasing energy demand in Ecuador, combined with limited generation and distribution infrastructure, has led to an energy crisis that affects the quality of the electricity supply. This study addresses the expansion planning of electric power distribution systems (SDEE) considering the integration of electric vehicles (EV) as a growing load on the grid. A second-order cone mixedinteger linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to optimize the network capacity, minimizing investment and operational costs, and reducing power losses. The model includes the construction and expansion of substations and the installation of voltage regulators. Through 23- node scenarios with different substation configurations and EV charging points, the impacts of the proposed planning are evaluated. The results show significant improvements in voltage stability, a reduction in energy losses, and enhanced system operational efficiency. This approach provides a strategic foundation to improve supply reliability and address the challenges of electric mobility in Ecuador. Keywords: Expansion planning, electric vehicles, mixed-integer linear programming, power distribution systems, distributed generation.