Optimización del problema de carga tridimensional con objetos irregulares y prioridades de entrega: Una aplicación del modelo 3D IBPP LOGG-1027

Abstract

This research addresses the various challenges involved in loading products onto trucks in the retail construction materials sector, where traditional manual planning results in low space utilization, additional trips, and higher logistics costs. The study proposes the adaptation and implementation of a computational model based on the Bin Packing Problem, incorporating delivery priority constraints that reflect real operating conditions. For this purpose, the First Fit Decreasing (FFD) heuristic was applied to optimize the allocation of products within trucks and maximize available capacity. The case study with real data showed that the model achieved 85.37% space utilization and 63.38% load utilization by weight, compared to 80% and 54% respectively with the traditional method. Furthermore, the optimization reduced the need for additional trips and allowed for a three-dimensional graphical representation of product placement, facilitating truck loading for operators. The results demonstrate that integrating delivery priorities into three-dimensional packing heuristics not only improves operational efficiency but also reduces logistics costs and contributes to environmental sustainability. The proposal proves applicable in various logistics contexts such as retail, e-commerce, and last-mile distribution, provided that a prior planning stage and reliable product data are available. Keywords: First Fit Decreasing, 3D Bin Packing Problem, Heuristic, Packing.