Evaluación de sostenibilidad entre bahareque y concreto armado para construcción de viviendas de interés social

Abstract

CONDITION FOR PUBLICATION OF PROJECT. The housing deficit generates multiple social problems and raises the need for affordable housing solutions for vulnerable sectors. Therefore, the objective of this project is to comparatively evaluate two structural systems, bahareque and reinforced concrete, using a multicriteria model to determine their applicability in low-income housing in Ecuador. It is hypothesized that bahareque may represent a more sustainable option. To justify this evaluation, economic, environmental and social criteria are considered. In the development of the study, the MIVES method (Integrated Value Model for Sustainable Evaluation) was used, supported by a decision tree built based on previous studies and expert surveys. Sustainability indicators and criteria were defined, and the structural alternatives with their configuration and design were established. In the economic aspect, material and construction costs were evaluated; the environmental aspect included resource consumption, energy and emissions; and the social aspect considered labor conditions and local nuisances. The results showed that the bahareque system obtained better sustainability indexes in the three requirements analyzed. It is concluded that this evaluation model can be replicated in different contexts by adjusting its components according to the interests of those involved. Keywords: sustainability, multi-criteria evaluation, alternative construction, comparative analysis.