Análisis comparativo de motores imanes permanentes y jaula de ardilla para aireación en camaroneras

Abstract

Aquaculture is a fundamental pillar of the Ecuadorian economy. In the province of Guayas, shrimp farms are at the heart of the industry's production processes, but there is a critical issue: the aeration of the ponds where the shrimp are farmed, which depends on expensive and polluting diesel engines. This is why a migration to electric aeration systems is necessary, representing a strategic opportunity to improve efficiency, reduce operating costs, and decrease environmental pollution. This project focuses on a technological problem in this migration: the impact of the choice of electric motor on the quality and reliability of the power supply. The study focuses on a shrimp farm in Guayas where two cutting-edge technologies have been implemented: squirrel cage induction motors (SCIM) and permanent magnet synchronous motors (PM). Despite the advertised efficiency of PM motors, there have been recurring failures in electrical components, such as capacitor banks and transformers. The study concludes with a comparative technical-economic analysis evaluating four alternatives. The results show that there is one solution that is more efficient and reliable than the others. It also provides a methodological framework and well-founded technical conclusions to guide decision-making in the electrical modernization of the aquaculture sector, prioritizing system reliability and long-term economic sustainability.