Diseño y prototipo de un sistema de control de acceso a puertas aplicando blockchain con IoT mediante smart contracts.

Abstract

This project proposes the implementation of an access control system based on Blockchain, IoT and ThingsBoard Cloud, with the aim of improving security, traceability and automation in access management. The solution allows validating credentials through smart contracts in a private blockchain, controlling the opening of doors with Raspberry Pi and relays, and recording events in the cloud for real-time monitoring. Its development is justified by the need for a reliable and decentralized system that prevents manipulation of records and guarantees secure user authentication. For the implementation, Ganache was used as a private blockchain, Node.js to manage communication between the web interface, the blockchain and thingsboard cloud for event visualization. The necessary tools were installed and configured on Windows and Raspberry Pi, and scripts were developed for interaction with IoT devices. Access validation, door opening and notification tests were carried out using MQTT and Nodemailer. The results showed that the system validated the accesses in less than a second, ensuring the integrity of the records and the efficiency of the automation of the process. The integration with ThingsBoard allowed viewing events in real time, although occasional delays were detected due to the dependence on the internet connection. It is concluded that the solution is efficient and scalable, allowing its implementation in environments where security and traceability are critical. It is recommended to optimize the network infrastructure and evaluate the migration to a public blockchain for greater reliability. Keywords: Blockchain, IoT, ThingsBoard, Security, Smart Access.