Evaluación de factores de riesgo en el almacenamiento de alimentos no perecederos en una empresa portuaria

Abstract

The study aims to evaluate the physical, environmental and operational conditions of a non-perishable food warehouse, in order to identify risks of contamination and deterioration. It also seeks to contrast current practices with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and relevant international standards, as well as prioritize actions through Modal Analysis of Effects and Failures (AMEF). The hypothesis is formulated that deviations in infrastructure, temperature/relative humidity and operational execution increase the probability of incidents, and that standardization will contribute to the reduction of such risks. The research was based on the need to guarantee safety and traceability in high-turnover contexts. Regulatory checklists, temperature and humidity measurements, on-site observations, surveys and interviews were carried out. Subsequently, risk matrices and a Modal Analysis of Effects and Failures (AMEF) matrix were developed using Severity, Occurrence and Detection (S–O–D) criteria. The results indicated an acceptable general compliance, although heterogeneous, with deficiencies in ceilings, floors and signage. Temperatures and humidities higher than the recommendations were recorded in critical areas, as well as gaps in stowage, segregation and product rotation according to the PEPS (First In, First Out) and FEFO (First Out, First In) methods. The Modal Analysis of Effects and Failures (AMEF) has prioritized the risks with a Risk Priority Number (NPR) equal to or greater than 200, which are related to environmental control and stowage. It is concluded that environmental control, the standardization of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and effective segregation, when integrated into a technical-organizational plan with monitoring of the Risk Procedure Rules (NPR), allow reducing both the occurrence and severity of failures and sustaining continuous improvement. Keywords: food safety, storage, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), traceability.