Ganancia de peso en juveniles penaeus vannamei suplementados con oxalatos de Ca y Mg en aguas claras

Abstract

The culture of Penaeus vannamei in low-salinity waters faces challenges due to ionic imbalance, particularly calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). This study evaluated the supplementation of these minerals in diets for juveniles reared in clear water at 10 ppt and their effect on weight gain. The bioassay included 11 treatments with 4 replicates, using 44 tanks of 400 L stocked with P. vannamei juveniles. Diets were prepared with calcium oxalates (Product A) and calcium + magnesium oxalates (Product B) at concentrations of 4000–6000 ppm, administered daily. A partial substitution of 10% of the diet with product pellets was also evaluated at frequencies of 1, 2, or 3 times per week. Water quality parameters were monitored, and weight gain, survival, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Treatment T10 (10% substitution with Product B, twice per week) achieved the highest weight gain (13.47 ± 0.62 g), 100% survival, and the lowest FCR (1.43 ± 0.03). Supplementation with Ca and Mg oxalates, particularly in pellet form, represents an efficient and sustainable alternative to optimize P. vannamei culture under low-salinity conditions in Ecuador. Keywords: ionic balance, low-salinity culture, oxalates, supplementation, weight gain.