Diseño de sistema de carga para banco de baterías de gel 48VDC en vehículos eléctricos

Abstract

The transition towards electromobility demands flexible charging solutions that overcome fixed infrastructure limitations. This thesis addresses the design and implementation of a bidirectional energy management system for a dual-voltage architecture (48 VDC / 12 VDC) in electric vehicles. The project focuses on developing a functional scale prototype that demonstrates the operation of modern vehicular systems, where low-voltage levels for accessories coexist with high-voltage levels for traction. Additionally, it validates the integration of renewable energy sources (solar) into the traction bus and the system's capability to operate as an off-grid micro-charging station. The methodology was based on a "V" experimental design, utilizing a synchronous DC/DC converter digitally controlled by a TMS320F28379D DSP. A custom hardware interface ("Shield") was implemented, and the power stage (LM5170) was modified to enable software control. Results validated the system's ability to recover the 12V bus from deep discharges in less than 1.0 seconds and strictly limit solar charging current to 1 A to protect the battery bank. The system demonstrated thermal stability and efficiency in power transfer, confirming its viability as a scalable platform for electric mobility and distributed storage applications. Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Bidirectional Converter, Solar Energy, Energy Management, Energy Storage.