Diseño de un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo basado en la norma ISO 45001:2018 en un Benemérito Cuerpo de Bomberos

Abstract

The work of firefighting personnel is characterized by high exposure to physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial risks, thereby necessitating adequate management of occupational safety and health. In this context, the objective of the present study was to design an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SG-SST) based on the ISO 45001:2018 standard for the Benemérito Cuerpo de Bomberos, with the aim of strengthening prevention efforts and improving the working conditions of the personnel. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, specifically a descriptive type with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. Data collection involved the use of semi-structured interviews directed at operational and administrative personnel, as well as a documentary analysis of institutional information and the application of technical tools, such as checklists and matrices for hazard identification and risk assessment. The results made it possible to identify various gaps in current management, mainly in planning, performance evaluation and continuous improvement, as well as the presence of risks associated with exposure to extreme heat, dangerous substances and psychosocial factors such as work stress. Based on this diagnosis, a structured OSH-OSH proposal was proposed based on the analysis of the organizational context, the establishment of security policies, training plans and follow-up mechanisms. The implementation of this system will strengthen the preventive culture, improve occupational risk management and contribute to generating safer and healthier working conditions within the institution. Keywords: occupational health and safety, ISO 45001:2018, risk management, firefighters, risk prevention